{"id":12075,"date":"2018-08-27T16:57:50","date_gmt":"2018-08-27T14:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/plantenplagen\/kale\/"},"modified":"2023-05-29T18:06:04","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T16:06:04","slug":"kale","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/kale\/","title":{"rendered":"Kale"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text el_id=”topentry” el_class=”topentry”]Kale belongs belongs to the species Brassica oleracea, as do broccoli<\/a>, cauliflower<\/a> and red cabbage<\/a>. Kale is a leafy crop that can be grown on all types of soil.
\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1627123481876{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 5px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #ccffff !important;border-radius: 20px !important;}” el_id=”mobile”][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1637503365530{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}” el_id=”mobiel”]<\/p>\n

You are viewing the mobile-adapted version of the page.<\/span>
\nThe one for tablets, laptop and desktop also provides general information, such as origin and cultivation.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=”35″ css=”.vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][vc_single_image image=”1187″ img_size=”medium” add_caption=”yes” style=”vc_box_rounded” onclick=”img_link_large”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1637503336839{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}” offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][vc_column_text el_id=”topentry” el_class=”topentry”]Kale<\/strong> belongs belongs to the species Brassica oleracea<\/em>, as do broccoli, cauliflower and red cabbage. Kale is a leafy crop that can be grown on all types of soil. Early variety kale sow from May to July, transplant a month and a half after sowing, harvest as early as fall. The early variety of kale is not very hardy; the winter variety is. Sow these in July, transplant in mid-September, harvest in winter. Winter kale can be sown as a secondary crop on beds where beets or broad beans have been grown.
\nRemove leaves affected by cabbage flies and fungi.
\nAutumn kale is susceptible to downy mildew<\/a>, a water fungus. Harvest the kale quickly as soon as the first yellowed leaves appear. Under humid conditions (autumn), downy mildew spreads over the entire plant in a matter of weeks. With frost, the spread stops.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=”yes”][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_custom_heading text=”Bugs” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Lato%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1532164328547{background-color: #585858 !important;}”][vc_column_text el_class=”entrytxt”]Poor growth; maggots in the root: cabbage root fly<\/a> (Delia radicum)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Caterpillars, photo: Maarten Bouwman<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Leaf is eaten by caterpillars of large white<\/a> (Pieris brassicae)<\/em> and cabbage moth<\/a> (Mamestra brassicae)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"recognizing<\/a>
Gray-blue aphids<\/a> of the cabbage aphid<\/a>, photo: Rasbak – CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Initially white or purple spots on misshapen leaves (curled, bumpy), then the kale is colonized by aphids: cabbage aphid<\/a> (Brevicoryne brassicae)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Cabbage leaf roller, photo: Rasbak – CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Curled leaves and damage to leaves, flower bud and stem: larvae of the Cyclamen tortrix<\/a> (Clepsis spectrana)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Cabbage whitefly<\/a>, photo: Rasbak – CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

White flies colonize the underside of the leaf. They live on leaf sap and secrete honeydew<\/a>: cabbage whitefly<\/a> (Aleyrodes proletella)<\/em>. Sooty dew then forms on the honeydew.<\/p>\n

Curled leaves; in some places there is an aphid of about 2 mm in size: Green peach aphid<\/a> (Myzus persicae)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Feeding on root or stem of young cabbage plant: the larvae of beetles<\/a> (family Elateridae<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Young land snails eat kale bare, photo: Simone Goslinga<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Warm and humid autumn weather keeps snails and slugs<\/a> active longer and populates cabbage plants en masse.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1532102781238{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_custom_heading text=”Fungi & diseases” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Lato%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1537951308156{background-color: #585858 !important;}”][vc_column_text el_class=”entrytxt”]<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Yellowing due to downy mil<\/wbr>dew, photo: Marc Eschbach<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Leaf yellows and turns brown, eventually the leaves fall off: downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica).<\/i><\/p>\n

Black fungus on honeydew secreted by aphids and cabbage whiteflies: sooty mold<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Poor growth, plant wilting, swollen roots rotting away: clubroot<\/a> (Plasmodiophora brassicae)<\/em>. Kale is less susceptible, but can sustain the fungus.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1532102799994{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_custom_heading text=”Other” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Lato%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1532164377225{background-color: #585858 !important;}”][vc_column_text el_id=”entrytxt” el_class=”entrytxt”]In the winter when there is little food for birds<\/a> to find, pigeons sometimes like to feast on kale in the fields.<\/p>\n

Plant different types of kale: plant next to autumn kale, which is susceptible to downy mil<\/wbr>dew, a winter kale. This can remain on land for longer.<\/p>\n

Leaf margins turn brown: calcium deficiency<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":14,"template":"","categories":[],"tags":[],"encyclopedia-category":[653],"encyclopedia-tag":[873],"class_list":["post-12075","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry","encyclopedia-category-vegetable-garden","encyclopedia-tag-brassica-oleracea"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/12075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12075"},{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-category?post=12075"},{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=12075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}