{"id":11251,"date":"2018-12-14T15:12:48","date_gmt":"2018-12-14T14:12:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/plantenplagen\/beech\/"},"modified":"2023-05-07T17:45:58","modified_gmt":"2023-05-07T15:45:58","slug":"beech","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/beech\/","title":{"rendered":"Beech"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\" id=\"wpb-content-root\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&rdquo;2\/3&Prime;][vc_column_text el_id=&rdquo;topentry&rdquo; el_class=&rdquo;topentry&rdquo;]The beech is tree with a smooth trunk that can reach a height of over forty meters and four hundred years old.<br>\n<!--more-->[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&rdquo;1\/3&Prime;][vc_column_text el_id=&rdquo;entrytxt&rdquo; el_class=&rdquo;entrytxt&rdquo;]<em>Do not confuse with:<\/em><br>\nCommon hornbeam <em>(Carpinus betulus)<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=&rdquo;middle&rdquo; css=&rdquo;.vc_custom_1627123481876{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 5px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #ccffff !important;border-radius: 20px !important;}&rdquo; el_id=&rdquo;mobile&rdquo;][vc_column offset=&rdquo;vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm&rdquo;][vc_column_text css=&rdquo;.vc_custom_1627123409680{padding: 0px !important;border: 0px initial !important;}&rdquo; el_id=&rdquo;mobiel&rdquo;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000099;\">You are viewing the mobile-adapted version of the page.<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000099;\">The one for tablets, laptop and desktop also provides general information, such as origin, toxicity and cultivation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=&rdquo;35&Prime; css=&rdquo;.vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}&rdquo;][vc_column width=&rdquo;1\/2&Prime; offset=&rdquo;vc_hidden-xs&rdquo;][vc_single_image image=&rdquo;3215&Prime; img_size=&rdquo;medium&rdquo; add_caption=&rdquo;yes&rdquo; style=&rdquo;vc_box_rounded&rdquo; onclick=&rdquo;img_link_large&rdquo;][vc_column_text el_id=&rdquo;entrytxt&rdquo; el_class=&rdquo;entrytxt&rdquo; css=&rdquo;.vc_custom_1544796806705{padding-left: 10px !important;}&rdquo;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Beech nuts contain toxins for horses; the leaves contain fewer <abbr title=\"toxic substances\">toxins.<\/abbr><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&rdquo;1\/2&Prime; css=&rdquo;.vc_custom_1634985977565{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}&rdquo; offset=&rdquo;vc_hidden-xs&rdquo;][vc_column_text el_id=&rdquo;topentry&rdquo; el_class=&rdquo;topentry&rdquo;]<strong>Beech<\/strong> <em>(Fagus)<\/em>, smooth-trunked tree that can grow over forty feet in height and reach an age of four hundred years.<br>\nBeech trees are planted as trees and in hedges.<br>\nNot much wants to grow under beech trees: under the dense crown it is too dark for shrubs, and herbs stay away from the tannin-rich litter of fallen beech leaves.<br>\nIn winter, the dead leaves remain on the tree and hedge until spring.<br>\nBeech likes a moist, well-drained soil, preferably containing lime, loam or marl. Beech can withstand temporary high water levels and summer drought well. Beech trees are susceptible to sunburn; of a solitary tree, the trunk is often wrapped in burlap to protect the bark from the sun. Beech lives in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/files\/glossary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">symbiosis<\/a> with a fungus.<br>\nBeech tolerates pruning very well, which is why it is often used in hedges. When pruning trees, it is important that when pruning branches, the trunk and main branches cannot be exposed to direct sunlight to prevent burning of the thin bark <a title=\"sunburn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/files\/sunburn-and-drought-damage\/\">(sunburn)<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=&rdquo;yes&rdquo;][vc_column width=&rdquo;1\/3&Prime;][vc_custom_heading text=&rdquo;Bugs&rdquo; font_container=&rdquo;tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff&rdquo; google_fonts=&rdquo;font_family:Lato%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal&rdquo; css=&rdquo;.vc_custom_1532164328547{background-color: #585858 !important;}&rdquo;][vc_column_text el_class=&rdquo;entrytxt&rdquo;]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3217\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3217\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenbladluis-op-blad.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3217\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenbladluis-op-blad-500x333.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenbladluis-op-blad-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenbladluis-op-blad-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenbladluis-op-blad-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenbladluis-op-blad.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3217\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beech <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/aphids\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Aphids are small, plant-eating insects; see: overview aphids, aphid, black bean aphid, black cherry aphid, catalpa aphid, cabbage aphid, currant blister aphid, green peach aphid, green apple aphid, holly aphid, Hydrangea scale, Scale insect, mealybug, lettuce-root aphid, woolly beech aphid, cypress aphid.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\" class=\"encyclopedia\">aphids<\/a> on leaf, photo: Drahkrub &ndash; CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Light green aphids with a woolly wax layer on the underside of the leaf: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/woolly-beech-aphid\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]The Woolly beech aphid is a + 2 mm, light green aphid that lives on and off beech trees. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1545149090223{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"8557\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Woolly beech aphid (Phyllaphis fagi) is a + 2 mm, light green&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">woolly beech aphid<\/a> <em>(Phyllaphis fagi)<\/em>. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/aphid_aphidoidea\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]Aphids are small, herbivorous insects. There are green, white, black, yellow, red and purple aphids. A special category are the Scale insects. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"5987\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Aphids (Aphidoidea). Small, herbivorous insects up to a maximum of 5 mm. Mainly damage&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">aphid<\/a> secretes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/honeydew\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]Honeydew - sugar-rich sticky liquid secreted by aphids. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"6657\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Honeydew - sugar-rich sticky liquid secreted by aphids. Aphids suck plant sap from leaves; some of these sugars are consumed for energy and the rest is excreted. The&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">honeydew<\/a> on which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/sooty-mold\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]The many fungi that live on honeydew are all called sooty mold. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"1919\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]The many fungi that live on honeydew are all called sooty mold, such as Cladosporium and Alternaria that live on honeydew, the excess sugar&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">sooty mold<\/a> forms.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3219\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3219\" style=\"width: 354px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Buchenwollschildlaus.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3219\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Buchenwollschildlaus-354x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"354\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Buchenwollschildlaus-354x500.jpg 354w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Buchenwollschildlaus.jpg 717w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 354px) 100vw, 354px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3219\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/woolly-beech-scale\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]The woolly beech scale is a scale-insect that lives on and from beech trees. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1705065048559{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"]Also known as: Beech scale[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"3243\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Woolly beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga), scale-insect that lives on and from beech trees.&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">Woolly beech scale<\/a> on trunk of beech tree, photo: Gerhard Elsner &ndash; CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Large numbers of yellow scale insects with a woolly wax layer on the trunk, in a strong infestation the trunk looks white with wax: woolly beech scale <em>(Cryptococcus fagisuga)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3225\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3225\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenspringkever-blad.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3225\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenspringkever-blad-500x375.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenspringkever-blad-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenspringkever-blad-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenspringkever-blad-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukenspringkever-blad.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3225\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Infestation of the leaf by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/beech-leaf-miner-beetle\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]The Beech leaf-miner beetle is + 2 mm in size, belonging to the weevils and living on and off beech trees. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1545153012766{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"3249\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Beech leaf-miner beetle (Orchestes fagi). This + 2 mm large&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">beech leaf-miner beetle<\/a>, photo: Wladmeister &ndash; CC BY-SA 2.0de<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In spring, young beech leaves are eaten; in early summer, leaves turn brown &ndash; looks like night frost: beech leaf-miner beetle <em>(Orchestes fagi)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3227\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3227\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukengalmug_gal.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3227\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukengalmug_gal-500x375.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukengalmug_gal-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukengalmug_gal-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukengalmug_gal-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beukengalmug_gal.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3227\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gall from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/beech-gall-midge\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]The beech gall midge is a mosquito over four mm in size and is one of the largest gall midges, found in Europe.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1563896167420{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"4409\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Beech gall midge (Mikiola fagi). This mosquito, over four&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">beech gall midge<\/a> on leaf, photo: Marco Walker &ndash; CC BY 2.5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Galls on the beech leaf: beech gall midge <i>(Mikiola fagi<\/i>).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3731\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3731\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meikever_blad.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3731 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meikever_blad-500x298.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meikever_blad-500x298.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meikever_blad-768x458.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meikever_blad-1024x610.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meikever_blad.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3731\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/cockchafer\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]Cockchafer, these 3 cm medium-sized beetles are somewhat similar to the garden chafer and summer chafer. Like the last two beetles, the common cockchafer belongs to the scarab beetles. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1683382806619{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"]Also known as: Maybug Maybeetle[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"3719\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color:&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">Cockchafer<\/a>, photo: Marcus Mitschack &ndash; CC0 Public Domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Leaf is eaten by 3 cm brown <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/beetles\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Beetles (Coleoptera) belong to the winged insects, whose front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases (elytra). Except at the poles and in the sea, beetles are found all over the world. There are over 4,200 beetle species in the UK. See: Apple blossom weevil, flea beetle, Common asparagus beetle, asparagus beetle, Beech leaf-miner beetle,&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">beetles<\/a>: cockchafer <em>(Melolontha melolontha)<\/em>. A swarm of cockchafers can eat a beech tree completely bare.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4023\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4023\" style=\"width: 406px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lindebladwesp_op_zomereik.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4023\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lindebladwesp_op_zomereik-406x500.jpg\" alt=\"Slug-like caterpillars, larvae of the oak slugworm eats mesophyll from leaves, photo: Rasbak &ndash; CC BY-SA 3.0\" width=\"406\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lindebladwesp_op_zomereik-406x500.jpg 406w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lindebladwesp_op_zomereik.jpg 541w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4023\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Larvae of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/oak\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]Oak, deciduous tree growing up to 20&ndash;40m tall. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Also known as: English oak Pedunculate oak Common oak Not to be confused with: Sessile oak (Quercus petraea)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=\"middle\" css=\".vc_custom_1627123481876{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 5px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #ccffff !important;border-radius: 20px !important;}\" el_id=\"mobile\"][vc_column offset=\"vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1627123409680{padding: 0px !important;border: 0px initial&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">oak<\/a> slugworm on an oak leaf, photo: Rasbak &ndash; CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>About 1 cm small, dark-tinged, slimy snails eat the mesophyll between the veins of the leaves. This causes the remaining mesophyll to turn brown and the leaves may drop: slug-like caterpillars (larvae of the oak slugworm &ndash; <em>Caliroa annulipes<\/em>).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&rdquo;1\/3&Prime; css=&rdquo;.vc_custom_1532102781238{background-color: #ffffff !important;}&rdquo;][vc_custom_heading text=&rdquo;Fungi &amp; diseases&rdquo; font_container=&rdquo;tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff&rdquo; google_fonts=&rdquo;font_family:Lato%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal&rdquo; css=&rdquo;.vc_custom_1537885449118{background-color: #585858 !important;}&rdquo;][vc_column_text el_class=&rdquo;entrytxt&rdquo;]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_781\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-781\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meniezwammetje.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-781 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meniezwammetje-500x375.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meniezwammetje-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meniezwammetje-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Meniezwammetje.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-781\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/coral-spot\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]Fungus that lives on dead wood.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1537948796051{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"]Also known as: Fire[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"781\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Coral spot (Nectria cinnabarina) is a fungus that generally lives on dead branches. The small orange-red raised spots contain the spores. The spores&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">Coral spot<\/a> on branch, photo: Pethan &ndash; CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Small, orange-red raised spots appear on affected branches, which can be either dead or living branches: Coral spot <em>(Nectria cinnabarina)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3155\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3155\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Boomkanker.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3155\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Boomkanker-500x420.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Boomkanker-500x420.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Boomkanker-768x645.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Boomkanker-1024x861.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Boomkanker.jpg 1071w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3155\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apple canker, photo: MarkusHagenlocher &ndash; CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Wild growth and cancers on the trunk: <a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/plantenplagen\/vruchtboomkanker\/\">Apple canker<\/a> <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/neonectria\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]Neonectria is caused by the same fungus responsible for Nectria canker. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]The fungus Neonectria ditissima causes: Apple canker - also known as: Nectria canker End rot and rotten spots: Neonectria[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"3187\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Neonectria (Neonectria ditissima) is caused by the&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">Neonectria<\/a> ditissima)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3223\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3223\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reuzenzwam_oud.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3223\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reuzenzwam_oud-500x332.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reuzenzwam_oud-500x332.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reuzenzwam_oud-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reuzenzwam_oud-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Reuzenzwam_oud.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3223\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Top view of older <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/giant-polypore\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]The giant polypore can grow between 50 and 200 cm in size, belongs to the bracket fungi and is the causative agent of white rot. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1698169635571{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"]Also known as: Black-staining polypore[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"3253\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Giant polypore&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">giant polypore<\/a><wbr><\/wbr>, photo: Henk Monster &ndash; CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Between 50 and 200 cm tall fungi with several flat, semicircular caps at the base of the tree. Initially light brown; later darker in color (reddish brown): giant polypore <i>(Meripilus giganteus).<\/i><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8543\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8543\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bloedrood-meniezwammetje.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8543\" src=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bloedrood-meniezwammetje-500x375.jpg\" alt=\"recognize fungus Nectria coccinea\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bloedrood-meniezwammetje-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bloedrood-meniezwammetje-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bloedrood-meniezwammetje-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bloedrood-meniezwammetje.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8543\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/nectria-coccinea\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]Nectria coccinea is a rare fungus that occurs on beech, maple and poplars. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1544282023168{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"3203\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Nectria coccinea. This rare fungus is found on beech, maple and poplar trees. It mainly affects weakened trees.&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">Nectria coccinea<\/a> on beech, photo: Jerzy Opio&#322;a &ndash; XX BY-SA 4.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Red, punctate fungus on trunk and branches: <em>Nectria coccinea<\/em> &ndash; rare.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&rdquo;1\/3&Prime; css=&rdquo;.vc_custom_1532102799994{background-color: #ffffff !important;}&rdquo;][vc_custom_heading text=&rdquo;Other&rdquo; font_container=&rdquo;tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff&rdquo; google_fonts=&rdquo;font_family:Lato%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal&rdquo; css=&rdquo;.vc_custom_1532164377225{background-color: #585858 !important;}&rdquo;][vc_column_text el_id=&rdquo;entrytxt&rdquo; el_class=&rdquo;entrytxt&rdquo;]Bark shows longitudinal cracks: <a title=\"sunburn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/files\/sunburn-and-drought-damage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sunburn<\/a>.<abbr title=\"\"><\/abbr><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4365\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4365\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bronsverkleuring_beukenblad.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4365\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bronsverkleuring_beukenblad-500x422.jpg\" alt=\"Leaf discolors to bronze under the influence of sunlight\" width=\"500\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bronsverkleuring_beukenblad-500x422.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bronsverkleuring_beukenblad-768x648.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bronsverkleuring_beukenblad.jpg 910w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4365\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Discoloration of beech leaves by the sun, photo: PlantEnPlagen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Leaf locally discolors to bronze or light brown: <a title=\"sunburn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/files\/sunburn-and-drought-damage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sunburn<\/a>. This is especially common in the summer when the beech or beech hedge has just been pruned. The leaves protected by other foliage until before pruning are in full sun after pruning; burning is the result.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5409\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5409\" style=\"width: 472px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5409\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bastknobbels_-472x500.jpg\" alt=\"Recognize nodules on the trunk\" width=\"472\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bastknobbels_-472x500.jpg 472w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bastknobbels_-768x814.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bastknobbels_.jpg 906w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5409\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bark lumps, photo: Sjoerd van der Schuit<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Lumps form on the trunk: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/bark-nodules\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]Bark nodules are found on trees with a smooth trunk, for example: beech, ash, elm.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1581601862158{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"5407\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Bark nodules These are found on trees with a smooth trunk, for example: beech, ash, elm. The&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">bark nodules<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5451\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5451\" style=\"width: 357px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5451\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/vezelknikken-357x500.jpg\" alt=\"wrinkles in the trunk\" width=\"357\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/vezelknikken-357x500.jpg 357w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/vezelknikken.jpg 467w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5451\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thickening, wrinkles around the stem, photo: Katja Brouwers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Wrinkles on the stem: fiber kinks. These are caused by uneven loading of the trunk (storm): the wood fibers are pressed together, creating a thickening. Occurs in more trees.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5461\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5461\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Korstmos_beuk_sm.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5461 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Korstmos_beuk_sm-500x308.jpg\" alt=\"Recognize lichen on beech\" width=\"500\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Korstmos_beuk_sm-500x308.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Korstmos_beuk_sm-1024x632.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Korstmos_beuk_sm-768x474.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Korstmos_beuk_sm.jpg 1417w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5461\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Parmelia, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/lichen\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]Lichens consist of two different plantlike organisms, an alga and a fungus. They live in symbiosis with each other, with the fungus being the most visible. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1582476681709{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"5461\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Lichens consist of two different&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">lichen<\/a> on the branches of a beech tree, photo: PlantEnPlagen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Lichen on the branches.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6881\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6881\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/boomschuim_.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-6881\" src=\"https:\/\/plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/boomschuim_-500x375.jpg\" alt=\"recognize foam on trunk of trees\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/boomschuim_-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/boomschuim_-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/boomschuim_.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6881\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foam on the trunk, photo: Monique Beers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In early spring, foam appears at the base of the trunk: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/tree-foam\/\" target=\"_blank\" title='[vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"topentry\" el_class=\"topentry\"]Tree foam, in early spring, damage in the bark was caused by night frost. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text el_id=\"entrytxt\" el_class=\"entrytxt\" css=\".vc_custom_1622105259523{padding-left: 20px !important;}\"]Do not confuse with: Hair ice[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=\"35\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"6891\" img_size=\"medium\" add_caption=\"yes\" style=\"vc_box_rounded\" onclick=\"img_link_large\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" css=\".vc_custom_1532162092980{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"entrytxt\"]Tree foam In early spring, night frosts caused damage in the bark.&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">tree foam<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":14,"template":"","categories":[],"tags":[],"encyclopedia-category":[667],"encyclopedia-tag":[],"class_list":["post-11251","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry","encyclopedia-category-ornamental-garden"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/11251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11251"},{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-category?post=11251"},{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=11251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}