{"id":10757,"date":"2018-08-23T16:45:03","date_gmt":"2018-08-23T14:45:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/plantenplagen\/apple-tree\/"},"modified":"2023-12-27T16:53:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T15:53:41","slug":"apple-tree","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/plantenplagen\/apple-tree\/","title":{"rendered":"Apple tree"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text el_id=”topentry” el_class=”topentry”]The apple tree belongs to a genus of small deciduous trees or shrubs of the rose<\/a> family.
\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1627123481876{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 5px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #ccffff !important;border-radius: 20px !important;}” el_id=”mobile”][vc_column offset=”vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1637494665141{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}” el_id=”mobiel”]<\/p>\n

You are viewing the mobile-adapted version of the page.<\/span>
\nThe one for tablets, laptop and desktop also provides general information, such as origin and cultivation.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=”35″ css=”.vc_custom_1532162142715{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″ offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][vc_single_image image=”1077″ img_size=”medium” add_caption=”yes” style=”vc_box_rounded” onclick=”img_link_large”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1634986158266{background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;}” offset=”vc_hidden-xs”][vc_column_text el_id=”topentry” el_class=”topentry”]Apple<\/strong> tree (Malus domestica)<\/em> belongs to a genus of small deciduous trees or shrubs of the rose family. Malus<\/em> includes the apple tree and ornamental apples. The apple grows in the temperate climate zone. The tree generally blooms from mid-April to the end of May. Apple blossom and the young fruits are sensitive to frost damage.<\/p>\n

Apples are ready to pick when you can bend or twist the apple on the tree. When it’s easy to bend or twist, then the apples are ready to pick. As apples ripen, the seeds turn from white to black: apples with brown seeds are ready to pick; those with black seeds ready to eat.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=”yes”][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_custom_heading text=”Bugs” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Lato%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1532164328547{background-color: #585858 !important;}”][vc_column_text el_class=”entrytxt”]<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Aphids<\/a>, photo: Luc Viatour – CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Deformed and crumpled leaf: aphid<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dot-shaped spots on the leaf; mites<\/a> on the underside: Red spider mite<\/a> (Tetranychus urticae)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Feed on the budding buds and young leaves: caterpillars of the winter moth<\/a> (Operophtera brumata)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Elstar infested by codling moth<\/a> caterpillar, photo: PlantenEnPlagen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Worm-eaten fruits early in spring, red spot around the borehole: codling moth (Cydia pomonella)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Spinning of a Little<\/wbr> Ermine in pears<\/wbr> tree, photo: Dennis Schuitema<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Spiders with orange caterpillars between the leaves: larvae of the Little Ermine (Swammerdamia pyrella)<\/em>, an ermine moth<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
White fluff from the <\/wbr> Woolly apple aphid<\/a> on apple, photo: Abrahami – CC By-SA 2.5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

White sticky fluff, later followed by galls and woody outgrowths: Woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"Recognize<\/a>
Apple Sawfly<\/a> larva borehole, photo: University of Maine<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Early in spring 2 mm large pale green caterpillar-like larvae with a black head, later brown, at the newly formed apples.
\nHoles of 2 to 3 mm in the apple with orange-brown apple pulp around the drill hole: larvae (caterpillars) of the apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Apple leaf sawfly<\/a> Caterpillars, Photo: Glorie Koen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pale green caterpillars feed on the leaf margins. The caterpillars have a row of shiny black dots on the side: Apple leaf sawfly (Pristiphora maesta)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Green aphids on growing shoots, photo: Frederik Ceyssens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Green aphids on new shoots – especially in summer. The new shoots curl through the aphids and are somewhat inhibited in growth. In early spring they are only slightly visible: Green apple aphid<\/a> (Aphis pomi)<\/em> .<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Wart-like elevations on ripening apples (Elstar), photo: PlantEnPlagen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rough elevations appear on ripening apples: Common green capsid<\/a> (Lygocoris pabulinus).<\/em> Can’t hurt, only the skin of the apple is a bit affected.<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Large green caterpillar among the leaves of the apple tree, photo: Mylene Pires<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Large caterpillar hidden between the leaves: caterpillar of the Eyed hawk-moth<\/a> (Smerinthus ocellatus)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Beetle and larvae at apple blossom, photo: CC0 – public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Apple blossom is affected and dries up in early spring: small, grey-brown beet<\/wbr>les suck sap from the flower buds: Apple blossom weevil<\/a> (Anthonomus pomorum)<\/em>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1532102781238{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_custom_heading text=”Fungi & diseases” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Lato%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1537885296805{background-color: #585858 !important;}”][vc_column_text el_class=”entrytxt”]<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Brown rot<\/a>, photo: PlantenEnPlagen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Brown coloring apples with fungal spores: Brown rot (Monilinia spp.)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Apple scab<\/a>, photo: PlantenEnPlagen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"recognize<\/a>
Light green, matt spots on the leaves due to apple scab, photo: CC0 Public Domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

From light green to brown discolouring spots on the leaf, apples stop growing, get dark spots with star-shaped cracks: apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)<\/em> .<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Downy and Powdery mildew<\/a> on grape<\/a> leaf, photo: Agne27 – Public Domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fungus on young leaves and blossom: Powdery mildew (Ascomycota phylum) <\/em>or Downy mildew<\/a>, a water mould (Peronosporaceae)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Apple Canker, photo: Abrahami – CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bark tears, branch withers and red fungal fluff appears: Apple Canker<\/a> (Neo<\/wbr>nectria ditissima)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Rotten spots on apples, neo<\/wbr>nectria, photo: Dominique Bauwens<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

End rot and rotten spots on apples around the stem: Neonectria<\/a> (Neo<\/wbr>nectria ditissima)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Apple with fire blight<\/a>, photo Paethon – CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Blossom, leaf, branch and twig turn brownish-black and thickened spots shrivel: fire blight (Erwinia amylovora)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

A colorful collection of grown twigs: witches broom (Taphrina betulina)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"recognize
Bull’s eye rot on Golden Delicious, photo: Davy Vansimsen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A red dot develops on the skin of the apple during storage or in storage, which quickly enlarges and develops into a round brown spot: Bull’s eye rot (Neofabraea spp.)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Leaves take on a silvery sheen: silver leaf<\/a> (Chondrostereum purpureum)<\/em>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1532102799994{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_custom_heading text=”Other” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff” google_fonts=”font_family:Lato%3A100%2C100italic%2C300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C700%2C700italic%2C900%2C900italic|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1532164377225{background-color: #585858 !important;}”][vc_column_text el_id=”entrytxt” el_class=”entrytxt”]<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Burr knots on the trunk of an apple tree, photo: Angela Dijkgraaf<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Small root tips are formed on the trunk. A moist environment, prolonged rain and a lot of shade promote the development of burr knots. Trees with burr knots are more susceptible to fire blight and Nectria canker<\/a> since the root tips provide many gateways for bacteria and fungal spores. In dry and sunny weather, cut out the burr spots generously and cover with wound balm<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Wasps on Pear, Photo: PlantenEnPlagen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Wasps sometimes attack fruit.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Brown, sunken spots, Photo: Rasbak – CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Deepened, brown spots on the apple. Under those spots, the apple is brown and corky; the spots often taste bitter: bitter pit. Mostly caused by calcium deficiency<\/a> .<\/p>\n

\"Voles<\/a>
Vole<\/a>, photo: Susette Smeets<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

No leaves on young apple trees; the roots are eaten away: voles .<\/p>\n

\"Stains<\/a>
Brown spots (sunburn) on Goudenreinet, photo: Roelfina Van de Weg<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

During hot summer weather (temperatures above 30ºC), red spots appear on the ripening apples: sunburn<\/a> .<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Bare-eaten branches of a young fruit tree, photo: Jess (Rural Dreams)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In winter, hares, rabbits and roe deer sometimes like to gnaw on the branches and trunk of the apple tree.<\/p>\n

\"Causes<\/a>
Vertical crack in the trunk of an apple tree, photo: Tuinadvies.nl<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Vertical cracks in the bark of the trunk: frost cracks.<\/p>\n

\"Recognize<\/a>
Parmelia, a foliose lichens on the branches of an apple tree, photo: PlatenEnPlagen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Lichen<\/a> on the branches.<\/p>\n

\"recognize
Pale brown spots, dried buds due to frost damage, photo: Steven Henderickx<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In early spring: buds dried up, pale brown spots on young leaves: damage from spring frost.<\/p>\n

\"Recognize<\/a>
Apple tree blooms for the second time. Photo: Alexandrina Gillis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

After the spring, when the apples start to grow, the tree blooms sometimes with some blossom here and there. Remove this blossom, preferably before the flowers have opened. This blossom does not lead to fruit but might form an entrance for fire blight.<\/p>\n

\"recognize<\/a>
Leaf of apple tree withers, photo: Elly Beintema<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In a period of summer heat and drought, the leaves dry out: drought damage<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Recognizing<\/a>
Glassy, translucent patches around the core, Photo: Facebook<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Glassy, translucent spots appear in the flesh around the core: the cells leak cell fluid. In severe cases, the glassiness has progressed to the point where it is visible on the skin and the apple will turn brown inside: internal browning<\/a>. The cause is often calcium deficiency<\/a>. See also calcium deficiency<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"recognize
An abundance of fruits, photo: JN Smit<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fruiting follows after flowering of the fruit trees. Usually there is an excess of small fruits. Between the end of May and mid-June, however, many apples fall off: the June drop<\/em>. A natural process in which the tree rejects all weak fruits. See also fruit thinning<\/a> .[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":14,"template":"","categories":[],"tags":[],"encyclopedia-category":[667,653],"encyclopedia-tag":[713,709,711],"class_list":["post-10757","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry","encyclopedia-category-ornamental-garden","encyclopedia-category-vegetable-garden","encyclopedia-tag-calcium-deficiency","encyclopedia-tag-fruit-tree","encyclopedia-tag-water-core"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/10757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10757"},{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-category?post=10757"},{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.plantenplagen.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia-tag?post=10757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}